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Check your manuscript against CHEERS.
- Guideline
- CHEERS 2022
- Items
- 28
- Sections
- 7
- Applies to
- economic evaluation
Health economic evaluations: cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit and the model-based studies around them.
Named by the health economics and health policy journals. HTA bodies use it when they assess submitted evidence.
CHEERS 2022 · Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards
What comes back28 criteria
Showing all 28 criteria.
Title
- Title1Title1Identify the study as an economic evaluation and specify the interventions being compared.
Abstract
- Abstract2Abstract2Provide a structured summary that highlights context, key methods, results and alternative analyses.
Introduction
- Background and objectives3Background and objectives3Give the context for the study, the study question and its practical relevance for decision making in policy or practice.
Methods
- Health economic analysis plan4Health economic analysis plan4Indicate whether a health economic analysis plan was developed and where available.
- Study population5Study population5Describe characteristics of the study population (such as age range, demographics, socioeconomic, or clinical characteristics).
- Setting and location6Setting and location6Provide relevant contextual information that may influence findings.
- Comparators7Comparators7Describe the interventions or strategies being compared and why chosen.
- Perspective8Perspective8State the perspective(s) adopted by the study and why chosen.
- Time horizon9Time horizon9State the time horizon for the study and why appropriate.
- Discount rate10Discount rate10Report the discount rate(s) and reason chosen.
- Selection of outcomes11Selection of outcomes11Describe what outcomes were used as the measure(s) of benefit(s) and harm(s).
- Measurement of outcomes12Measurement of outcomes12Describe how outcomes used to capture benefit(s) and harm(s) were measured.
- Valuation of outcomes13Valuation of outcomes13Describe the population and methods used to measure and value outcomes.
- Measurement and valuation of resources and costs14Measurement and valuation of resources and costs14Describe how costs were valued.
- Currency, price date, and conversion15Currency, price date, and conversion15Report the dates of the estimated resource quantities and unit costs, plus the currency and year of conversion.
- Rationale and description of model16Rationale and description of model16If modelling is used, describe in detail and why used. Report if the model is publicly available and where it can be accessed.
- Analytics and assumptions17Analytics and assumptions17Describe any methods for analysing or statistically transforming data, any extrapolation methods, and approaches for validating any model used.
- Characterizing heterogeneity18Characterizing heterogeneity18Describe any methods used for estimating how the results of the study vary for sub-groups.
- Characterizing distributional effects19Characterizing distributional effects19Describe how impacts are distributed across different individuals or adjustments made to reflect priority populations.
- Characterizing uncertainty20Characterizing uncertainty20Describe methods to characterize any sources of uncertainty in the analysis.
- Approach to engagement with patients and others affected by the study21Approach to engagement with patients and others affected by the study21Describe any approaches to engage patients or service recipients, the general public, communities, or stakeholders (e.g., clinicians or payers) in the design of the study.
Results
- Study parameters22Study parameters22Report all analytic inputs (e.g., values, ranges, references) including uncertainty or distributional assumptions.
- Summary of main results23Summary of main results23Report the mean values for the main categories of costs and outcomes of interest and summarise them in the most appropriate overall measure.
- Effect of uncertainty24Effect of uncertainty24Describe how uncertainty about analytic judgments, inputs, or projections affect findings. Report the effect of choice of discount rate and time horizon, if applicable.
- Effect of engagement with patients and others affected by the study25Effect of engagement with patients and others affected by the study25Report on any difference patient/service recipient, general public, community, or stakeholder involvement made to the approach or findings of the study.
Discussion
- Study findings, limitations, generalizability, and current knowledge26Study findings, limitations, generalizability, and current knowledge26Report key findings, limitations, ethical or equity considerations not captured, and how these could impact patients, policy, or practice.
Other relevant information
- Source of funding27Source of funding27Describe how the study was funded and any role of the funder in the identification, design, conduct, and reporting of the analysis.
- Conflicts of interest28Conflicts of interest28Report authors conflicts of interest according to journal or International Committee of Medical Journal Editors requirements.
CHEERS 2022 checklist items reproduced from the published guideline. Husereau D, Drummond M, Augustovski F, de Bekker-Grob E, Briggs AH, Carswell C, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) Statement. BMJ. 2022;376:e067975. CC BY 4.0.
What comes back
See one item in fullThe same form, marked against your own manuscript.
The sample above is an illustration. On your manuscript, all 28 criteria come back marked, and the ones that fall short raise a mark in the margin of the paper itself.
- Met, partly met, not met or not applicable, for every item
- Each item highlighted in your text, ready to amend
- What is missing, how to fix it, and where in the paper it belongs
- The whole form, downloadable as a marked spreadsheet
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